Down syndrome: specific health care program [Article In Bosnian]

Abstract

Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra chromosome 21 and one of the most common causes of mental retardation. Down syndrome is associated with characteristic facial features, cognitive impairment, learning disabilities, short stature, and other less common serious illnesses including leukemia, immune deficiencies, and epilepsy. Down syndrome can be identified during pregnancy or at birth. The incidence of Down syndrome is estimated at 1 to 3 per 1000 births, although these statistics are heavily influenced by, in particular, the age of the mother. Health concerns for individuals with Down syndrome include a higher risk for congenital heart defects, gastroesophageal reflux disease, recurrent infection, hearing deficits or chronic serous otitis media, obstructive sleep apnea, thyroid dysfunctions and Alzheimer’s disease. Early childhood intervention, screening for common problems, medical treatment where indicated, a conducive family environment, and vocational training can improve the overall development of children with Down syndrome. Current and comprehensive information about medical problems in individuals with Down syndrome is important for counseling parents and planning health care provision for people with Down syndrome.