External Occipital Protuberance Enlargement in Children: A Benign Anatomic Variant with Rare Associations

Joana F. Pires, Inês Bileu Ventura, Maria Helena Santos

Abstract


Objective − The aim of this study is to raise awareness about External Occipital Protuberance (EOP) enlargement in children, its typically benign anatomical variant, and the importance of considering associated conditions in diagnosis and management.

Case Report − We reviewed the cases of four male patients, presenting with EOP enlargement. Among the cases, one involved a newborn diagnosed with Menkes disease, a rare genetic disorder affecting copper transport, which was associated with occipital exostosis. The other three cases involved adolescents with varying degrees of EOP enlargement, linked to factors such as prior trauma and excessive screen time.

Conclusion − While EOP enlargement is generally a benign anatomical variant, this study underscores the importance of differential diagnosis, particularly in the pediatric population. Clinicians should be aware of the potential, albeit rare, associations with serious conditions such as Menkes disease. A comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management is recommended, especially in symptomatic cases.


Keywords


External Occipital Protuberance; Pediatric Exostosis; Occipital Knob; Occipital Bun; Skull Abnormalities

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5457/p2005-114.375

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